Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is not a complication of menopause?

• A. Fractures
• B. Alzheimer's disease
• C. Congestive heart failure
• D. Painful intercourse

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Congestive heart failure is not typically associated with menopause. Menopause is linked to an increased risk of fractures due to bone density loss, a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease due to hormonal changes affecting the brain, and painful intercourse due to vaginal dryness and decreased lubrication. While cardiovascular health can be affected by menopause, congestive heart failure is not a direct complication of menopause.

2. To minimize unsafe abortions, IRH has strengthened:

• A. The termination of pregnancy act
• B. The post-abortion care and counseling services
• C. The gender and violence unit of the police services
• D. The empowerment of all women who want to abort

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Post-abortion care and counseling services are crucial in reducing unsafe abortions by providing support, medical care, and guidance to individuals who have undergone abortions, ensuring their physical and emotional well-being. Strengthening the termination of pregnancy act (Choice A) might focus more on the legal aspects rather than the healthcare services needed post-abortion. The gender and violence unit of the police services (Choice C) is important for addressing gender-based violence but not directly related to reducing unsafe abortions. Empowering all women who want to abort (Choice D) is a broad concept that may not specifically address the need for comprehensive post-abortion care and counseling services.

3. At 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, the breast changes include:

• A. Colostrum can be expressed.
• B. Breasts become tender.
• C. Montgomery's tubercles are prominent.
• D. Nipples become prominent and mobile.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: At 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, one of the changes in the breast includes the prominence of Montgomery's tubercles. These sebaceous glands around the nipple become more noticeable at this stage. Colostrum production usually occurs later in pregnancy, typically closer to the third trimester. While breast tenderness is a common symptom of early pregnancy, it is not specific to the 6-8 week timeframe. Nipples becoming more prominent and mobile may happen later in pregnancy as the body prepares for breastfeeding, but it is not a typical change seen specifically at 6-8 weeks.

4. Cryptorchidism is a condition where _________.

• A. One or both testes are not developed
• B. One or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum
• C. One or both testes are not formed
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cryptorchidism is a condition where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. This means that the testes do not properly move from the abdomen into the scrotum during fetal development. Choice A is incorrect because the issue is not about development but descent. Choice C is incorrect as it implies that the testes were never formed, which is not the case in cryptorchidism. Choice D is incorrect as cryptorchidism does involve the testes but rather their descent into the scrotum.

5. Which hormone regulates the production of milk after childbirth?

• A. Prolactin
• B. Oxytocin
• C. Estrogen
• D. Progesterone

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone responsible for regulating the production of milk after childbirth. It stimulates the mammary glands in the breasts to produce milk. Oxytocin, on the other hand, is responsible for the ejection of milk from the breasts. Estrogen and progesterone play roles in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy but are not directly involved in milk production. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect.

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