Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is not a complication of menopause?

• A. Fractures
• B. Alzheimer's disease
• C. Congestive heart failure
• D. Painful intercourse

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Congestive heart failure is not typically associated with menopause. Menopause is linked to an increased risk of fractures due to bone density loss, a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease due to hormonal changes affecting the brain, and painful intercourse due to vaginal dryness and decreased lubrication. While cardiovascular health can be affected by menopause, congestive heart failure is not a direct complication of menopause.

2. Which of the following data should not be included in the identification data of gynecological history?

• A. Parity
• B. Lost normal menstrual period
• C. EDD (Expected date of delivery)
• D. Last delivery

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: EDD (Expected date of delivery). In a gynecological history, EDD is not typically included as it pertains more to obstetric history. Parity, lost normal menstrual period, and last delivery are important components of gynecological history. Parity refers to the number of times a woman has given birth to a fetus past 20 weeks' gestation. Lost normal menstrual period can provide insight into potential gynecological issues, while last delivery details the most recent childbirth experience. Therefore, EDD is the outlier in this context.

3. Practices such as female genital mutilation and unsafe male circumcision are categorized as:

• A. Harmful traditional practices
• B. Encouraged in rural Zambia
• C. Recommended in modern surgery and IRH
• D. Safer sex practices

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Practices like female genital mutilation and unsafe male circumcision are considered harmful traditional practices due to the physical and psychological harm they cause. Choice A is correct as these practices are not safe or recommended. Choice B is incorrect, as harmful traditional practices are not encouraged anywhere. Choice C is incorrect as modern surgery and organizations like IRH aim to eliminate such practices, not recommend them. Choice D is incorrect as these practices are not related to safer sex practices but rather harmful practices that need to be eradicated.

4. When does threatened abortion occur?

• A. The patient experiences slight vaginal bleeding through an undilated cervix.
• B. The patient experiences heavy bleeding and cervical dilation.
• C. The patient experiences severe cramping and heavy bleeding.
• D. The patient experiences painless bleeding and an open cervix.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Threatened abortion occurs when the patient experiences slight vaginal bleeding through an undilated cervix. This is characterized by bleeding without cervical dilation, distinguishing it from inevitable abortion (heavy bleeding and cervical dilation), incomplete abortion (severe cramping and heavy bleeding), and missed abortion (painless bleeding and an open cervix).

5. What is a cord inserted to the very edge of the placenta known as?

• A. Battledore insertion
• B. Placenta velamentosa
• C. Placenta accreta
• D. Vasa Praevia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A cord inserted to the very edge of the placenta is known as battledore insertion. This occurs when the cord is attached to the fetal membranes at the placental margin rather than directly to the placental tissue. Placenta velamentosa refers to the condition where the umbilical cord inserts into the fetal membranes before it reaches the placenta. Placenta accreta is a condition where the placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall. Vasa Praevia is a condition where fetal blood vessels run across or near the internal cervical opening.

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