which of the following is a common presentation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

HESI RN

Reproductive Health Exam

1. Which of the following is a common presentation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome?

A. Oligomenorrhea, obesity, and hirsutism
B. Amenorrhea, generalized hair loss, and weight gain
C. Repeated ectopic pregnancies and chronic pelvic pain
D. Fatigue, body aches, and menorrhagia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oligomenorrhea, obesity, and hirsutism. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) commonly presents with irregular periods (oligomenorrhea), obesity, and increased hair growth (hirsutism) due to hormonal imbalances. Choice B is incorrect as amenorrhea (absence of periods), generalized hair loss, and weight gain are not typical features of PCOS. Choice C is incorrect as repeated ectopic pregnancies and chronic pelvic pain are not characteristic of PCOS. Choice D is incorrect as fatigue, body aches, and menorrhagia (excessive menstrual bleeding) are not primary symptoms seen in PCOS.

2. Risk of endometrial hyperplasia is greatest in individuals who do not menstruate for at least _____ months and require immediate referral:

A. 2 months
B. 3 months
C. 4 months
D. 5 months

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: '4 months.' The risk of endometrial hyperplasia is highest in individuals who do not menstruate for at least 4 months. This prolonged exposure to unopposed estrogen can lead to endometrial hyperplasia. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the risk is greatest after at least 4 months of not menstruating, not 2, 3, or 5 months.

3. Discuss the anatomical/physiological changes in pregnancy under the following: Kidney/renal system

A. Kidneys increase in size, pelvis dilates, ureters elongate and dilate, and the glomerular filtration rate increases.
B. Kidneys decrease in size, and glomerular filtration rate decreases.
C. There is no change in kidney size or ureter function, but the glomerular filtration rate decreases.
D. Kidneys shrink, and ureters remain the same.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During pregnancy, the kidneys increase in size, the pelvis dilates, ureters elongate and dilate, and the glomerular filtration rate increases. This is due to the increased metabolic demands and hormonal changes during pregnancy. Choice B is incorrect as the kidneys do not decrease in size, and the glomerular filtration rate actually increases. Choice C is incorrect as there are changes in kidney size and ureter function during pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as the kidneys do not shrink during pregnancy.

4. Septic abortion is characterized by:

A. Backache.
B. Os open.
C. Heavy bleeding.
D. Maternal pyrexia.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Septic abortion is characterized by maternal pyrexia. Maternal pyrexia, or fever, is a hallmark sign of septic abortion due to infection. Backache and heavy bleeding can be present in abortion but are not specific to septic abortion. 'Os open' does not directly characterize septic abortion.

5. Which of the following are layers of the anterior abdominal wall?

A. Linear albicantes
B. Superficial fascia
C. Visceral peritoneum
D. Fascia transversalis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Linear albicantes and B: Superficial fascia. Linear albicantes are stretch marks, and the superficial fascia is one of the layers of the anterior abdominal wall. Choices C and D, Visceral peritoneum and Fascia transversalis, respectively, are not layers of the anterior abdominal wall. The visceral peritoneum is a membrane covering the abdominal organs, and the fascia transversalis is a layer deep to the transversus abdominis muscle.