Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a common presentation in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome?

• A. Oligomenorrhea, obesity, and hirsutism
• B. Amenorrhea, generalized hair loss, and weight gain
• C. Repeated ectopic pregnancies and chronic pelvic pain
• D. Fatigue, body aches, and menorrhagia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oligomenorrhea, obesity, and hirsutism. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) commonly presents with irregular periods (oligomenorrhea), obesity, and increased hair growth (hirsutism) due to hormonal imbalances. Choice B is incorrect as amenorrhea (absence of periods), generalized hair loss, and weight gain are not typical features of PCOS. Choice C is incorrect as repeated ectopic pregnancies and chronic pelvic pain are not characteristic of PCOS. Choice D is incorrect as fatigue, body aches, and menorrhagia (excessive menstrual bleeding) are not primary symptoms seen in PCOS.

2. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics?

• A. Progesterone
• B. Testosterone
• C. Estrogen
• D. Oxytocin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Estrogen is primarily responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics. Progesterone, while important in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, is not primarily responsible for secondary sexual characteristics. Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone. Oxytocin is involved in labor, lactation, and social bonding, but not in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

3. At what age does the first menstrual period typically occur?

• A. 9 and 15 years
• B. 2 and 10 years
• C. 1 and 5 years
• D. 18 and 20 years

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The first menstrual period, known as menarche, typically occurs between the ages of 9 and 15 years. This marks the onset of puberty in females. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the first menstrual period does not occur as early as 2 years old, 1 year old, or as late as 18 to 20 years old.

4. Which of the following hormone ratios is MOST likely to be increased in a patient with PCOS?

• A. Progesterone/estrogen
• B. LH/FSH
• C. FSH/LH
• D. Glucagon/insulin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), the LH/FSH ratio is most likely to be increased. This hormonal imbalance is a key characteristic of PCOS, where elevated LH levels relative to FSH contribute to the pathophysiology of the condition. Choice A, progesterone/estrogen ratio, is not typically a defining feature of PCOS. Choice C, FSH/LH ratio, is the reverse of what is commonly observed in PCOS. Choice D, glucagon/insulin ratio, is not directly related to the hormonal imbalances seen in PCOS.

5. What is the triangular space lying between the vaginal and rectal canals?

• A. Pelvic floor
• B. Perineum
• C. Vestibule
• D. Perineal body

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Perineum. The perineum is the triangular space located between the vaginal and rectal canals. It is a region containing various muscles, nerves, and blood vessels that support the pelvic floor. Choice A, Pelvic floor, refers to the structure supporting the organs in the pelvic cavity, not the space between the vaginal and rectal canals. Choice C, Vestibule, is the space within the labia minora containing the openings of the urethra and vagina, not the area between the vaginal and rectal canals. Choice D, Perineal body, is a fibromuscular mass in the perineum area but not the space between the vaginal and rectal canals.

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