Nursing Elites

1. The mother of a 9-month-old girl provides the practical nurse with information about her daughter's diet. Which statement by the mother may indicate why the infant has been diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia?

• A. She almost never drinks sugary water.
• B. She has been on whole milk for 7 months.
• C. She likes to chew on bread as a snack.
• D. She doesn't like to eat peaches or pears.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Infants should not be given cow's milk before 1 year of age as it can interfere with iron absorption and lead to anemia. Choice A is incorrect as avoiding sugary water is actually a good practice. Choice C is unrelated to iron-deficiency anemia. Choice D, not liking peaches or pears, is also not directly related to iron-deficiency anemia.

2. When should oral hygiene practices start for an infant according to the American Dental Association guidelines?

• A. There is no need to begin until after all of the child's baby teeth are in.
• B. You don't have to worry about that until your child can handle a toothbrush.
• C. You can begin now using toothpaste on a gauze pad and wiping the gums.
• D. Begin wiping the teeth with a washcloth and water when the first tooth appears.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: According to the American Dental Association guidelines, oral hygiene practices should start as soon as the first tooth appears. At this stage, using a soft cloth and water to clean the infant's gums and teeth is recommended to establish good oral hygiene habits early on and prevent dental issues. Choice A is incorrect as waiting until all baby teeth are in is too late for starting oral hygiene practices. Choice B is incorrect as it is essential to start oral hygiene before the child can handle a toothbrush. Choice C is incorrect as using toothpaste on a gauze pad is not recommended for infants with emerging teeth.

3. When caring for a child with Kawasaki disease, which symptom is the most significant for making this diagnosis?

• A. Desquamation of the palms and soles.
• B. Cervical lymphadenopathy.
• C. Erythema of the hands and feet.
• D. Strawberry tongue.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Erythema of the hands and feet is a key diagnostic criterion for Kawasaki disease. This, along with other symptoms like fever and strawberry tongue, helps in making the diagnosis. While desquamation of the palms and soles, cervical lymphadenopathy, and strawberry tongue are associated with Kawasaki disease, the presence of erythema of the hands and feet is particularly significant in diagnosing this condition.

4. A 6 year old who has asthma is demonstrating a prolonged expiratory phase and wheezing and has a 35% of personal best peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Based on these findings, what actions should the nurse take first?

• A. Administer a prescribed bronchodilator.
• B. Encourage the child to cough and deep breath.
• C. Report findings to the health care provider.
• D. Determine what triggers precipitated this attack.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Administering a bronchodilator will help open the airways and improve breathing.

5. A 2-year-old girl is brought to the clinic by her 17-year-old mother. When the nurse observes that the child is drinking sweetened soda from her bottle, what information should the nurse discuss with this mother?

• A. A 2-year-old should be speaking in 2-word phrases
• B. Dental caries is associated with drinking soda
• C. Drinking soda is related to childhood obesity
• D. Toddlers should be sleeping 10 hours a night

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Dental caries are a common concern when children consume sweetened sodas regularly.

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