Nursing Elites

1. Abortion is defined as:

• A. Bleeding per vaginum in early pregnancy
• B. Willingness to terminate pregnancy
• C. Expulsion of products of conception after the 28th week of gestation
• D. Expulsion of products of conception before the 28th week of gestation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Abortion is defined as the expulsion of products of conception before the 28th week of gestation. Choice A is incorrect as it describes bleeding in early pregnancy, not the definition of abortion. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to the willingness to terminate a pregnancy rather than the actual act of expulsion. Choice C is incorrect as it defines abortion as the expulsion of products of conception after the 28th week of gestation, which is considered a stillbirth.

2. Treatment for condylomata acuminata includes the following EXCEPT:

• A. Vulvectomy
• B. Podophyllin application
• C. Laser therapy
• D. Electrocautery

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Vulvectomy is not a standard treatment for condylomata acuminata, which are genital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Surgical removal of the vulva (vulvectomy) is an extreme measure and not typically indicated for treating this condition. Choices B, C, and D are valid treatments for condylomata acuminata. Podophyllin application, laser therapy, and electrocautery are commonly used to remove or destroy genital warts caused by HPV. These treatments aim to eliminate the visible warts and clear the infection.

3. What is Carboprost used for?

• A. Affects milk production.
• B. Relieve constriction ring.
• C. Management of post-partum haemorrhage.
• D. Induce labor.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Carboprost is used in the management of post-partum haemorrhage. This medication helps to reduce excessive bleeding after childbirth. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Carboprost does not affect milk production, relieve constriction ring, or induce labor.

4. Which space is present between the bladder and the uterus?

• A. Vesico-uterine pouch
• B. Pubovesical pouch
• C. Retro-uterine pouch
• D. Recto-uterine pouch

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the vesico-uterine pouch. This space is specifically located between the bladder and the uterus. The pubovesical pouch is incorrect as it refers to the space between the pubic bone and the bladder. The retro-uterine pouch, also known as the pouch of Douglas, is located between the uterus and rectum. The recto-uterine pouch is not a recognized anatomical term, making it an incorrect choice.

5. At 34-40 weeks of pregnancy, the breast changes include:

• A. Nipples become prominent and mobile.
• B. Colostrum can be expressed.
• C. Breasts become tender.
• D. Montgomery's tubercles are prominent.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During the 34-40 weeks of pregnancy, Montgomery's tubercles become prominent. These are sebaceous glands on the areola, not the nipples. Choice A is incorrect as it describes the changes in nipples, not Montgomery's tubercles. Choice B is incorrect as colostrum production usually starts around the 16th week. Choice C is incorrect as breast tenderness is more common in early pregnancy due to hormonal changes.

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