Nursing Elites

1. A community health nurse is planning a program to address the rising rates of obesity in the community. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?

• A. organizing community exercise programs
• B. distributing educational materials on healthy eating
• C. partnering with local grocery stores to provide discounts on healthy foods
• D. conducting health screenings for early detection of obesity-related conditions

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: organizing community exercise programs. Physical activity plays a crucial role in weight management and reducing obesity rates. While educating about healthy eating (choice B) is important, focusing on exercise programs can have a more direct impact on addressing obesity. Partnering with local grocery stores for discounts on healthy foods (choice C) is beneficial but may not address the root cause of obesity. Conducting health screenings (choice D) is more reactive than proactive in addressing rising obesity rates.

2. Which intervention by the community health nurse is an example of a secondary level of prevention?

• A. providing a needle exchange program at a community mental health clinic
• B. developing an educational program for clients with diabetes mellitus
• C. administering influenza vaccines to residents of a nursing home
• D. initiating contact notifications for sexual partners of an HIV client

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Administering influenza vaccines to residents of a nursing home is an example of secondary prevention. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat a disease or condition in its early stages to prevent complications. In this case, administering influenza vaccines helps prevent the spread of the flu among vulnerable individuals. Choices A, B, and D are not examples of secondary prevention. Providing a needle exchange program (Choice A) is a harm reduction strategy (tertiary prevention). Developing an educational program for clients with diabetes mellitus (Choice B) focuses on health promotion and primary prevention. Initiating contact notifications for sexual partners of an HIV client (Choice D) is a measure to prevent further transmission of the disease but is more aligned with tertiary prevention.

3. A public health nurse is planning a campaign to increase immunization rates among children in a low-income community. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?

• A. Provide free immunizations at local schools
• B. Create educational materials about vaccine safety
• C. Organize a community forum to discuss immunization concerns
• D. Partner with local media to promote the importance of vaccines

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide free immunizations at local schools. This intervention directly addresses financial barriers and increases accessibility for families in low-income communities. By offering free immunizations at local schools, the nurse can ensure that more children receive the necessary vaccines without worrying about the cost. Choice B, creating educational materials, may be helpful but may not directly address the financial barriers that low-income families face. Choice C, organizing a community forum, can be beneficial for addressing concerns but may not result in immediate action to increase immunization rates. Choice D, partnering with local media, can help raise awareness but may not directly provide the solution of making immunizations more accessible by removing financial barriers.

4. A client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has an elevated blood glucose level. Which action should the nurse take first?

• A. Stop the TPN infusion.
• B. Administer insulin as prescribed.
• C. Notify the healthcare provider.
• D. Check the TPN infusion rate.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct first action for a client receiving TPN with an elevated blood glucose level is to check the TPN infusion rate. Elevated blood glucose levels in clients receiving TPN can be due to incorrect infusion rates leading to increased glucose delivery. By checking the TPN infusion rate, the nurse can verify if the rate is appropriate and make necessary adjustments. Stopping the TPN infusion abruptly could lead to complications from sudden nutrient deprivation. Administering insulin as prescribed may be necessary but should come after ensuring the correct TPN infusion rate. Notifying the healthcare provider is important but addressing the immediate need to check the infusion rate takes priority to manage hyperglycemia effectively.

5. The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

• A. I will need to monitor my blood sugar levels daily.
• B. I will follow a diet low in carbohydrates.
• C. I will rotate the injection sites for my insulin.
• D. I will exercise regularly to help manage my diabetes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The statement 'I will follow a diet low in carbohydrates' indicates a need for further teaching. In diabetes mellitus, it is essential to follow a balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Carbohydrates are a major source of energy and should be included in moderation to help manage blood sugar levels. Monitoring blood sugar levels daily (A), rotating injection sites for insulin (C), and exercising regularly (D) are all appropriate self-management strategies for individuals with diabetes mellitus.

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