Nursing Elites

1. A client with congestive heart failure is prescribed digoxin. What symptom indicates digoxin toxicity?

• A. Monitor for muscle weakness and fatigue.
• B. Monitor for increased appetite and weight gain.
• C. Monitor for nausea and vomiting.
• D. Monitor for blurred vision or seeing yellow halos around objects.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Blurred vision or seeing yellow halos around objects are signs of digoxin toxicity, which can be life-threatening. These symptoms indicate an overdose of digoxin, requiring immediate medical attention. Muscle weakness and fatigue (Choice A) are not typically associated with digoxin toxicity. Increased appetite and weight gain (Choice B) are not indicative of digoxin toxicity either. Nausea and vomiting (Choice C) are common side effects of digoxin but are not specific signs of toxicity. Therefore, the correct answer is to monitor for blurred vision or seeing yellow halos around objects.

2. A client has been receiving hydromorphone every six hours for four days. What assessment should the nurse prioritize?

• A. Increase the dosage of the medication.
• B. Auscultate bowel sounds.
• C. Monitor the client's blood pressure.
• D. Check the client's respiratory rate.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Hydromorphone can cause constipation, a common side effect of opioids. Therefore, it is crucial to auscultate bowel sounds to monitor for signs of decreased gastrointestinal motility. Monitoring blood pressure (choice C) and respiratory rate (choice D) are important but not the priority in this scenario as constipation is a common issue with opioid use. Increasing the dosage of the medication (choice A) is not appropriate without assessing the client's bowel function first.

3. A client is scheduled for a colonoscopy. Which preparation is the most important for the nurse to implement?

• A. Administer an enema before the procedure.
• B. Ensure the client is NPO after midnight.
• C. Encourage the client to drink clear liquids.
• D. Verify the client has completed the bowel preparation.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to verify that the client has completed the bowel preparation. This step is crucial to ensure the colon is clear for accurate visualization during the procedure. Administering an enema before the procedure may not always be necessary and can be uncomfortable for the client. Ensuring the client is NPO after midnight is important, but verifying bowel preparation takes precedence. Encouraging the client to drink clear liquids is a part of the preparation process but not the most critical step compared to verifying completion of bowel preparation.

4. A client with COPD and a history of emphysema presents with increasing shortness of breath. What action should the nurse implement first?

• A. Notify the healthcare provider of the client's distress.
• B. Auscultate the client's lung sounds and oxygen saturation.
• C. Determine if the client is experiencing anxiety.
• D. Assess the oxygen delivery system.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to implement first is to auscultate the client's lung sounds and oxygen saturation. This helps in assessing the respiratory status of the client, which is crucial in managing COPD and emphysema exacerbations. Checking for any abnormalities in lung sounds and monitoring oxygen saturation levels can provide important information for immediate intervention. Option A is not the first action to take in this situation as directly assessing the client's respiratory status is more immediate. Option C, determining if the client is experiencing anxiety, is important but should come after assessing the physical respiratory status. Option D, assessing the oxygen delivery system, is also essential but should follow the direct assessment of the client's respiratory status.

5. What breakfast selection indicates appropriate dietary management for osteoporosis?

• A. Pancakes with syrup and orange juice
• B. Bagel with jelly and skim milk
• C. Eggs with sausage and whole milk
• D. French toast with butter and syrup

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. A bagel with jelly and skim milk is a calcium-rich and low-fat option that aligns with the dietary recommendations for managing osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, so it is essential to consume an adequate amount of calcium while avoiding excess fat intake. Choices A, C, and D are not ideal for osteoporosis management as they either lack sufficient calcium, contain high fat content, or both.

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