Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary purpose served when an individual takes action to reduce anxiety?

• A. Reduction of tension
• B. Denial of the situation
• C. Avoidance of physical discomfort
• D. Resolution in decision-making

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary purpose of taking action to reduce anxiety is to alleviate emotional tension and prevent the exacerbation of anxiety symptoms. By reducing tension, anxiety levels decrease, leading to a sense of comfort, safety, and security. Denial of the situation is not the goal when addressing anxiety; rather, acknowledging and managing it is crucial. While physical discomfort may accompany anxiety, the focus is on alleviating the emotional aspect to mitigate physical manifestations. Although mild anxiety can sometimes improve decision-making skills, higher levels of anxiety typically impede cognitive functions, making resolution in decision-making less likely.

2. What is the priority nursing action to assist an anxious father in his concern about not bonding with his newborn?

• A. Encouraging the father to participate in a parenting class
• B. Providing time for the father to be alone with and get to know the baby
• C. Offering the father a demonstration on newborn diapering, feeding, and bathing
• D. Allowing time for the father to ask questions after viewing a film about a new baby

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The priority nursing action to assist an anxious father in his concern about not bonding with his newborn is providing time for the father to be alone with and get to know the baby. Time alone provides the opportunity for paternal-infant attachment and bonding, which can help reduce the father's anxiety. Encouraging the father to participate in a parenting class, although helpful, does not directly address the immediate need for bonding. Offering a demonstration on newborn care tasks like diapering, feeding, and bathing may not effectively address the father's anxiety at that moment, as he may not be ready to absorb such information. Allowing time for the father to ask questions after viewing a film about a new baby is a simplistic approach that may not adequately address the emotional needs and concerns of the father regarding bonding with his newborn.

3. The client admitted for uncontrolled diabetes is worried about how to pay bills for the family while hospitalized. Which statement by the nurse is therapeutic?

• A. "You are worried about paying your bills?"
• B. "Don't worry; your bills will get paid eventually."
• C. "When was the last time you were admitted for hyperglycemia?"
• D. "You really shouldn't be drinking alcohol because of your diagnosis of diabetes."

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The therapeutic communication technique used in this scenario is reflection. By repeating the client's concern, the nurse acknowledges the client's feelings and encourages further exploration of the topic. Choice A is correct as it reflects the client's worry without offering false assurance, advice, or using professional jargon. Choice B dismisses the client's concerns with false reassurance. Choice C introduces professional jargon, which may hinder effective communication. Choice D provides advice, which can limit the client's expression of feelings and concerns.

4. Which of the following is an example of neurofeedback used with a child diagnosed with reactive attachment disorder (RAD)?

• A. A child's brain waves are monitored through electrodes placed on the scalp
• B. Parents give their child a sticker when he behaves appropriately
• C. A child uses a sand tray to draw shapes and release stress while talking with a nurse
• D. Parents or a nurse hold a child close during play until he becomes angry enough to unleash his rage

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Neurofeedback is a form of treatment that may be used for children diagnosed with reactive attachment disorder (RAD). Neurofeedback involves attaching electrodes to the scalp in a method similar to an EEG. The child's brainwaves are then monitored while being exposed to positive images or games to produce positive brain patterns. Choice A is the correct answer as it describes the process of neurofeedback, which is a common therapeutic approach for managing RAD. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly involve monitoring brain waves through electrodes to provide feedback for brain pattern adjustments, which is the core concept of neurofeedback therapy.

5. Which signs and symptoms would the nurse observe in a client with schizophrenia?

• A. Traumatic flashbacks and hypervigilance
• B. Depression and psychomotor retardation
• C. Loosened associations and hallucinations
• D. Ritualistic behavior and obsessive thinking

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In clients with schizophrenia, the nurse would observe loosened associations and hallucinations. Loosened associations refer to disorganized thinking where thoughts are not logically connected. Hallucinations involve perceiving things that are not based in reality. Traumatic flashbacks and hypervigilance are more indicative of post-traumatic stress disorder. Depression and psychomotor retardation are common in depression, not schizophrenia. Ritualistic behavior and obsessive thinking are typically seen in obsessive-compulsive disorders, not schizophrenia.

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