the duodenum

NCLEX-RN

NCLEX RN Actual Exam Test Bank

1. Where is the duodenum located in the digestive system?

A. It is the first part of the small intestine, located immediately after the stomach.
B. It is the section of the digestive system where the gall bladder delivers bile.
C. It is the section of the small intestine where the pancreas delivers digestive juices.
D. None of the above.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, located immediately after the stomach. It is where the majority of digestion takes place in the gut. The pancreas delivers digestive juices containing amylase and lipase, while the gall bladder delivers bile to aid in the digestion of fats. Choice A incorrectly states that the duodenum is the third section of the small intestine, which is inaccurate. Choice B incorrectly associates the duodenum with the gall bladder, which is not where the duodenum is located. Choice C incorrectly states that the duodenum is where the pancreas delivers digestive juices, which is partly correct but not the main function of the duodenum. Therefore, the correct answer is 'None of the above' as none of the choices accurately describe the location or functions of the duodenum.

2. Where is the Loop of Henle located in the body?

A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Heart
D. Ear

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Loop of Henle is a crucial structure found in the kidneys. It plays a vital role in the concentration of urine by creating a concentration gradient in the renal medulla. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the Loop of Henle is not located in the liver, heart, or ear. Understanding the anatomical location of the Loop of Henle is essential in comprehending renal physiology and the mechanism of action of diuretic medications.

3. The nurse is discussing the term subculture with a student nurse. Which statement by the nurse would best describe subculture?

A. "Fitting as many people as possible into the majority culture."?
B. "Identifying small groups of people who do not want to be identified with the larger culture."?
C. "Singling out groups of people who suffer differential and unequal treatment as a result of cultural variations."?
D. "Recognizing groups of people within a culture with shared characteristics that are not common to all members of the culture."?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A subculture refers to a group of people within a larger culture who share distinct beliefs, values, or attitudes that are not universal among all members of the larger culture. Subcultures can emerge based on factors such as ethnicity, religion, education, occupation, age, and gender. The correct answer describes the concept of a subculture accurately. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not capture the essence of a subculture. Fitting people into the majority culture, identifying small groups who distance themselves from the larger culture, or singling out individuals facing differential treatment do not define subculture. Subcultures represent specific groups with shared characteristics that differentiate them from the broader cultural norms.

4. Which of the following is classified as a prerenal condition that affects urinary elimination?

A. Nephrotoxic medications
B. Pericardial tamponade
C. Neurogenic bladder
D. Polycystic kidney disease

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A prerenal condition is one that causes reduced urinary elimination by affecting the blood flow to the kidneys. Pericardial tamponade is a condition that impacts the heart's ability to pump sufficient blood, leading to decreased blood flow to vital organs such as the kidneys. This reduction in blood flow to the kidneys can result in decreased urine production. The other choices, such as nephrotoxic medications, neurogenic bladder, and polycystic kidney disease, do not primarily affect the blood flow to the kidneys and are not classified as prerenal conditions that impact urinary elimination.

5. The body system that functions to maintain fluid balance, support immunity, and contains the spleen is the:

A. Lymphatic System
B. Digestive System
C. Urinary System
D. Respiratory System

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Lymphatic System is responsible for maintaining fluid balance and supporting immunity. It contains organs like the spleen, tonsils, thymus, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels. The spleen, a part of the lymphatic system, plays a crucial role in filtering blood and storing blood cells. The Digestive System is primarily involved in the breakdown and absorption of nutrients, not fluid balance or immunity. The Urinary System is responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and regulating fluid balance, but it does not support immunity or contain the spleen. The Respiratory System is focused on gas exchange and oxygenating the blood, not fluid balance or immunity.