speciic gravity in urinalysis

NCLEX-RN

NCLEX RN Predictor Exam

1. Specific gravity in urinalysis:

A. compares the concentration of urine to that of distilled water
B. is useless when the patient is dehydrated
C. can only be measured using a refractometer
D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Specific gravity in urinalysis measures the concentration of solutes in urine compared to that of distilled water. This comparison helps in assessing the kidney's ability to concentrate urine properly. It is a valuable test even in dehydrated patients as it provides insights into renal function. Specific gravity can be measured using various methods, including a refractometer or reagent strips. Normal specific gravity readings of human urine typically range from 1.005 to 1.030. Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the purpose of specific gravity in urinalysis. Choices B and C are incorrect as specific gravity remains relevant in dehydrated patients and can be measured using different techniques, not solely a refractometer.

2. What is the BEST blood collection location for a newborn?

A. the AC
B. the veins of the forehead
C. the heel
D. the fingertips

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When collecting blood from newborns, it is safest and most commonly done by collecting blood from the lateral or medial aspect of the baby's heel. This location is preferred due to the accessibility of the veins and the minimal discomfort caused to the newborn. Veins in the forehead are not commonly used for blood collection in newborns. The fingertips are not optimal for blood collection in newborns due to their small size and the potential for causing discomfort. The AC (antecubital) area, typically used in adults for blood collection, is not recommended for newborns due to the size of their veins and the potential risk of injury.

3. The healthcare professional is preparing to auscultate the abdomen. How should they proceed?

A. Warm the endpiece of the stethoscope by rubbing it between their hands.
B. Ensure the patient is adequately covered and comfortable during the examination.
C. Ensure that the diaphragm side of the stethoscope is in use.
D. Check the room temperature and offer blankets to the patient if needed.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When preparing to auscultate the abdomen, it is important to ensure the patient's comfort. The room should be warm to prevent shivering, which can interfere with sound clarity. Offering blankets to the patient if they feel cold helps maintain their comfort during the examination. The endpiece of the stethoscope should be warmed by rubbing it between the examiner's hands, not by placing it in warm water. It is important to use the diaphragm, not the bell, of the stethoscope to auscultate for bowel sounds. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer, as it addresses the patient's comfort and the room temperature, which are essential for a successful abdominal auscultation.

4. What message is a patient sending when displaying the following body language: Slumped shoulders, grimace, and stiff joints?

A. Anger
B. Aloofness
C. Empathy
D. Depression

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Body language is a powerful form of non-verbal communication that can convey various emotions. In this scenario, the patient's slumped shoulders, grimace, and stiff joints suggest a negative emotional state. Anger is the correct answer because grimacing and tense posture are commonly associated with anger. Choice B, 'Aloofness,' is incorrect as aloofness is more related to disinterest or detachment, which is not indicated by the described body language. Choice C, 'Empathy,' is incorrect as the body language described does not align with expressing understanding or compassion towards others. Choice D, 'Depression,' is incorrect as while depression can also manifest through body language, the specific cues given in the scenario lean more towards anger than depression.

5. A client is about to have a TENS unit attached for pain relief. Which of the following actions is most appropriate in this situation?

A. Inform the client that he may experience tingling sensations.
B. Connect the TENS unit before the client goes to bed for the night.
C. Inform the client that the TENS unit may have pain-reducing effects for 10 to 15 days.
D. After treatment, inform the client that he may not use a TENS unit again for at least 2 weeks.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When attaching a TENS unit for pain relief, it is essential to inform the client that he may experience tingling sensations. This is a common sensation experienced when using a TENS unit, but it should not cause muscle twitching. The therapeutic effects of a TENS unit usually last between 3 to 5 days. Choice B is incorrect because there is no specific recommendation to connect the TENS unit before bedtime. Choice C is incorrect as stating that the TENS unit may have pain-reducing effects for 10 to 15 days is inaccurate, as the effects typically last 3 to 5 days. Choice D is incorrect because there is no guideline suggesting that the client cannot use a TENS unit again for at least 2 weeks after treatment.