Nursing Elites

1. A woman who has lived in the United States for a year after moving from Europe has learned to speak English and is almost finished with her college studies. She now dresses like her peers and says that her family in Europe would hardly recognize her. This situation illustrates which concept?

• A. Integration
• B. Assimilation
• C. Biculturalism
• D. Heritage consistency

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Assimilation is a unidirectional, linear process moving from unacculturated to acculturated, in which a person develops a new cultural identity and becomes like members of the dominant culture. In this scenario, the woman has adapted to the new culture by learning the language, dressing like her peers, and expressing that her family in Europe would hardly recognize her. This aligns with the process of assimilation. Integration and biculturalism, on the other hand, involve bidirectional and bidimensional processes that induce reciprocal change in both cultures while maintaining aspects of the original culture in one's ethnic identity. Since there is no indication in the question that the woman has retained aspects of her original culture, integration and biculturalism are not the correct concepts. Heritage consistency refers to the degree to which one retains their original or traditional culture, which is not addressed in the scenario provided.

2. While performing the physical examination, why does the nurse share information and briefly teach the patient?

• A. To help the patient feel more comfortable and gain control of the situation
• B. To build rapport and increase the patient's confidence in the examiner
• C. To assist the patient in understanding his or her disease process and treatment modalities
• D. To aid the patient in identifying questions about his or her disease and potential areas of needed education

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Sharing information and briefly teaching the patient during a physical examination helps build rapport and increase the patient's confidence in the examiner. This approach gives the patient a sense of control in a situation that can often be overwhelming. While sharing information may make the patient feel more comfortable, the primary goal is to enhance the patient's confidence in the examiner. Providing information does not necessarily directly assist the patient in understanding their disease process and treatment modalities, as this may require a more in-depth explanation. The main focus is on establishing a trusting relationship and empowering the patient during the examination, rather than solely aiding in identifying questions or areas needing education.

3. The nurse is teaching a student nurse about the different types of thermometers. When teaching the student about the advantages of the tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT), which statement would the nurse include?

• A. "Measuring temperature using the TMT is cost-effective."?
• B. "The rapid measurement of the TMT is beneficial for uncooperative younger children."?
• C. "TMT is not recommended for measuring core body temperature in newborn infants."?
• D. "TMT is not the preferred method for measuring body temperature in patients with otitis media."?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is "The rapid measurement of the TMT is beneficial for uncooperative younger children." TMT is ideal for young children who may not cooperate for oral temperatures or fear rectal temperatures. However, using TMT for newborn infants is not recommended due to inconsistencies in results. Measuring temperature with TMT is not necessarily cost-effective. The most accurate method for measuring core temperature is through rectal temperatures. TMT may not be the preferred method for patients with otitis media due to potential inaccuracies caused by fluid behind the tympanic membrane.

4. The nurse is preparing to examine a 6-year-old child. Which action is most appropriate?

• A. The child is asked to undress from the waist up.
• B. The head is examined before the thorax, abdomen, and genitalia.
• C. The nurse should keep in mind that a child at this age will have a sense of modesty.
• D. Talking about the equipment being used is avoided to prevent increasing the child's anxiety.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When examining a 6-year-old child, it is important to consider their sense of modesty. The child should undress themselves, leaving underpants on and using a gown or drape to maintain privacy. Additionally, a school-age child like a 6-year-old is curious about how equipment works, so it is beneficial to explain the purpose and function of the tools being used. The examination sequence should typically progress from the child's head to the toes to ensure a thorough assessment. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the appropriate approach to examining a 6-year-old child.

5. Which principle of body mechanics may help to reduce the risk of a back injury?

• A. Maintain a wide base of support
• B. Bend from the knees, not the waist
• C. Keep the back straight while lifting
• D. Push or pull objects rather than lifting

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Proper body mechanics are crucial to prevent injuries, especially for professions involving lifting and moving objects. Keeping the back straight while lifting is essential to reduce the risk of back injuries as it helps maintain the spine's natural alignment and prevents excessive strain on the back muscles. Choosing choices A, B, and D would increase the risk of back injury. Maintaining a wide base of support provides stability, bending from the knees instead of the waist protects the lower back, and pushing or pulling objects reduces the strain on the back muscles, all contributing to preventing back injuries.

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