Nursing Elites

1. Which statement most accurately compares and contrasts the structures of DNA and RNA?

• A. Both DNA and RNA have 4 nucleotide bases. Three of the bases are the same, but the fourth base is thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA.
• B. Both DNA and RNA have the same 4 nucleotide bases. However, the nucleotides bond differently in DNA compared to RNA.
• C. Both DNA and RNA have different numbers of nucleotide bases. DNA is a double helix while RNA is a single strand.
• D. Both DNA and RNA have a double helix structure. However, DNA contains 6 nucleotide bases and RNA contains 4 nucleotide bases.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because DNA and RNA both consist of 4 nucleotide bases, namely adenine, cytosine, and guanine, which are common in both. The key difference lies in the fourth base, which is thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA. This distinction is fundamental in understanding the structural variances between DNA and RNA. Choice B is incorrect as it incorrectly states that the nucleotides bond differently in DNA compared to RNA without specifying the crucial base differences. Choice C is inaccurate as it misrepresents the numbers of nucleotide bases in DNA and RNA, and incorrectly describes DNA as a double helix and RNA as a single strand, which is not related to the difference in bases. Choice D is incorrect as it inaccurately portrays DNA with 6 nucleotide bases and RNA with 4, which is not true; both DNA and RNA have 4 nucleotide bases, but with differences in one of the bases.

2. Which of the following inventions likely had the greatest impact on combating nutrition deficiencies in developing countries?

• A. Food products fortified with dietary vitamins and minerals
• B. Integrated statistical models of fish populations
• C. Advances enabling microscopes to use thicker tissue samples
• D. Refrigerated train cars for transportation of food

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Food products fortified with dietary vitamins and minerals have had the greatest impact on combating nutrition deficiencies in developing countries. By fortifying food products with essential nutrients such as vitamins and minerals, it becomes easier to address specific deficiencies in populations that may not have access to a diverse range of foods. This innovation has been particularly impactful in addressing common deficiencies like vitamin A, iron, zinc, and folic acid, improving overall health outcomes in populations with limited access to nutrient-rich foods. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Integrated statistical models of fish populations, advances in microscopy, and refrigerated train cars, while important in their own right, do not directly address combating nutrition deficiencies in developing countries as effectively as food fortification with essential nutrients.

3. Which of the following minerals is important for bone health and is stored in bones by the skeletal system?

• A. Iron
• B. Sodium
• C. Calcium
• D. Magnesium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Calcium (Choice C). Calcium is essential for bone health and is stored in bones by the skeletal system. Bones act as a reservoir for calcium, playing a critical role in maintaining bone strength and density. Iron, sodium, and magnesium are important for various bodily functions but are not primarily stored in bones for bone health. Iron is crucial for oxygen transport, sodium helps regulate fluid balance, and magnesium is involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body.

4. What is the sixth number in the sequence 5, 6, 7, 8, 9?

• A. 8
• B. 10
• C. 11
• D. 12

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the given sequence 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, the sixth number would come after 9, not after the fifth number in the sequence. To find the sixth number, we need to continue the pattern after 9. The next number after 9 would be 10, making it the sixth number in the sequence. Therefore, the correct answer is not listed among the choices provided. Choice A, 8, is the fifth number in the sequence. Choice B, 10, is the number right after the sixth number. Choice D, 12, is not in the sequence at all, making it incorrect. Thus, the correct answer is 11.

5. What source would be most useful in determining the reliability of Punxsutawney Phil's predictions over a number of years?

• A. A memoir from a former president of the Groundhog Club
• B. A record of weather patterns over the past decade
• C. An article on groundhog behavior in the northeast U.S
• D. A historical account of Groundhog Day traditions

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A record of weather patterns over the past decade would be the most useful source in determining the reliability of Punxsutawney Phil's predictions. By comparing Phil's forecasts with the actual weather outcomes, one can analyze the accuracy of his predictions. Choices A, C, and D do not directly provide the necessary data on weather patterns to evaluate Phil's reliability.

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