ATI TEAS 7
ATI TEAS Science Test
1. Which human body system is correctly matched with its function?
- A. Respiratory system; exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.
- B. Circulatory system; transports oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide.
- C. Lymphatic system; produces antibodies that destroy virally affected or foreign cells.
- D. Endocrine system; regulates hormones controlling bodily functions and metabolism.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The circulatory system is responsible for the transportation of oxygen from the lungs to all the body's cells and tissues, as well as removing carbon dioxide from the cells and transporting it back to the lungs to be exhaled. This process is crucial for cellular respiration and the exchange of gases necessary for bodily functions. Choice B accurately matches the role of the circulatory system by describing its function of transporting oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide, which is essential for maintaining proper cellular activities. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately match the body system with its function. The respiratory system primarily involves the exchange of gases in the lungs, not transportation to cells; the lymphatic system deals with immunity through the production of antibodies, not gas exchange; and the endocrine system's main function is hormone regulation, not the transport of gases.
2. What are the cellular functions of cilia and flagella?
- A. Cilia and flagella are responsible for cell movement.
- B. Cilia and flagella synthesize proteins.
- C. Cilia and flagella help protect the cell from its environment.
- D. Cilia and flagella have enzymes that help with digestion.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Cilia and flagella are microtubule-based structures found on the surface of many eukaryotic cells. Their primary function is to facilitate cell movement. Cilia are short, numerous, and move in coordinated waving motions to move substances along the cell's surface. Flagella are longer and usually limited to one or a few per cell, providing a propeller-like movement for the cell. Both cilia and flagella aid in cell motility and are essential for various cellular functions, primarily involved in cell movement rather than protein synthesis, protection, or digestion. Therefore, choice A is correct as it accurately describes the primary function of cilia and flagella. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as cilia and flagella are not involved in protein synthesis, cell protection, or digestion in cells.
3. What causes varicose veins to occur?
- A. Atherosclerosis.
- B. Incompetent valves.
- C. Loss of skin turgor.
- D. Loss of blood vessel elasticity.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Varicose veins occur when the valves within the veins become incompetent, leading to blood pooling in the veins instead of being efficiently pumped back to the heart. This causes the veins to become enlarged, twisted, and visible under the skin. Factors such as genetics, aging, pregnancy, and prolonged standing or sitting can contribute to the development of incompetent valves and the resulting varicose veins. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque in arteries, not veins, and does not directly cause varicose veins. Loss of skin turgor is related to skin elasticity and not a direct cause of varicose veins. Loss of blood vessel elasticity is a general term and does not specifically address the mechanism behind varicose veins, which is primarily due to incompetent valves.
4. Which of the following structures is the natural pacemaker of the heart?
- A. Sinoatrial node
- B. Submental node
- C. Atrioventricular node
- D. Scalene node
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node is often referred to as the natural pacemaker of the heart because it is a group of cells located in the right atrium responsible for initiating the electrical signals that coordinate the heart's contractions. The SA node sets the rate and rhythm of the heartbeats, making it a crucial component in the heart's function. The other options, Submental node, Atrioventricular node, and Scalene node, are not related to the regulation of the heart's electrical activity. The Submental node is a lymph node located under the chin, the Atrioventricular node is responsible for passing electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles, and the Scalene node does not exist in the context of the heart's electrical system.
5. Which of the following items is NOT a primary function of a healthy immune system?
- A. The immune system helps the body avoid infections.
- B. The immune system detects infections.
- C. The immune system eliminates infections.
- D. The immune system creates infections.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The primary functions of a healthy immune system do not involve creating infections. A healthy immune system helps the body avoid infections by providing defense mechanisms, detects infections by recognizing harmful pathogens, and eliminates infections by attacking and clearing out pathogens. Creating infections goes against the protective role of the immune system and is not a function it performs. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are correct functions of a healthy immune system, while choice D is incorrect.
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