Nursing Elites

1. Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients?

• A. Stomach
• B. Small intestine
• C. Esophagus
• D. Large intestine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It is lined with specialized cells that facilitate the absorption of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. While the stomach plays a role in digestion by breaking down food with acid and enzymes, the actual absorption of nutrients occurs mainly in the small intestine. The esophagus is responsible for transporting food from the mouth to the stomach, but it does not absorb nutrients. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, not nutrients.

2. The RV was a great purchase for our family and brought us all closer together. Which of the following transitional phrases would improve this sentence?

• A. NO CHANGE
• B. Not surprisingly, the RV
• C. Furthermore, the RV
• D. As it turns out, the RV

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The transitional phrase 'As it turns out' adds a reflective tone that matches the surprise at how well the RV worked for the family. Choice A ('NO CHANGE') does not introduce any new information or transition. Choice B ('Not surprisingly, the RV') contradicts the surprise factor mentioned in the sentence. Choice C ('Furthermore, the RV') does not provide a suitable transition given the context of the sentence.

3. What is the main function of the nervous system?

• A. To fight infection
• B. To control body movement and coordination
• C. To regulate metabolism
• D. To transport oxygen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main function of the nervous system is to control body movement and coordination by transmitting signals between different parts of the body. Choice A is incorrect because the immune system, not the nervous system, is primarily responsible for fighting infections. Choice C is incorrect as regulating metabolism is primarily handled by the endocrine system. Choice D is incorrect because the transportation of oxygen is mainly the function of the circulatory system, specifically the blood.

4. Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart?

• A. Pulmonary artery
• B. Pulmonary vein
• C. Aorta
• D. Inferior vena cava

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pulmonary vein. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart. This oxygenated blood is then pumped out to the rest of the body. The pulmonary artery, choice A, carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. The aorta, choice C, is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the body's tissues. Choice D, the inferior vena cava, transports deoxygenated blood from the lower body back to the heart.

5. How many mL of a 0 M stock solution of HCl should be added to water to create 250 mL of a 50 M solution of HCl?

• A. 31.25 mL
• B. 32 mL
• C. 30 mL
• D. 31.3 mL

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To prepare 250 mL of a 50 M solution of HCl, the formula V1 x C1 = V2 x C2 is used, where V1 is the volume of the stock solution, C1 is the concentration of the stock solution, V2 is the final volume of the desired solution, and C2 is the final concentration of the desired solution. Given V1 x 0 M = 250 mL x 50 M, solving for V1 results in V1 = (250 mL x 50 M) / 0 M = 32 mL. Therefore, 32 mL of the 0 M stock solution of HCl needs to be added to water to create a 250 mL solution of 50 M HCl. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not represent the accurate volume required for the dilution calculation based on the given concentrations and volumes in the problem.

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