Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following statements regarding macrophages is incorrect?

• A. They are found abundantly in the blood
• B. They are larger than neutrophils
• C. They are long-lived
• D. They are made in the bone marrow as monocytes, called macrophages once they reach organs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Macrophages are not found abundantly in the blood; they are present in tissues and organs. Macrophages are tissue-resident immune cells that play a key role in immune responses and are derived from monocytes produced in the bone marrow. Choice B is correct as macrophages are larger than neutrophils. Choice C is correct as macrophages are long-lived cells. Choice D is correct as macrophages originate in the bone marrow as monocytes and differentiate into macrophages once they migrate to various tissues and organs.

2. What is the maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold after a full forced inhalation?

• A. Inspiratory capacity
• B. Tidal volume
• C. Total lung capacity
• D. Vital capacity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Total lung capacity is the correct term for the maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold after a full forced inhalation. It represents the sum of all lung volumes, including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume. Inspiratory capacity refers to the maximum volume of air inspired from the end-expiratory level. Tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing. Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation, not the total volume the lungs can hold.

3. What is kwashiorkor, a protein deficiency disease, characterized by?

• A. Muscle wasting
• B. Night blindness
• C. Scurvy
• D. Rickets

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Kwashiorkor is a severe acute malnutrition condition resulting from insufficient dietary protein intake. It is characterized by symptoms such as edema, skin lesions, an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates, and notably, muscle wasting. Muscle wasting occurs as the body breaks down muscle tissue to obtain essential amino acids for vital functions. Night blindness (option B) is associated with vitamin A deficiency, scurvy (option C) results from a lack of vitamin C, and rickets (option D) is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.

4. A car is accelerating down a hill. Which of the following forces is NOT acting on the car?

• A. Gravitational force
• B. Normal force from the road
• C. Air resistance
• D. The car's engine force

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a car is accelerating down a hill, the normal force from the road is not acting on the car. The normal force is the force exerted by a surface to support the weight of an object resting on it. As the car moves downhill, the normal force decreases since the road is no longer pushing back against the car's weight due to the downhill motion. Gravitational force pulls the car downhill, air resistance opposes the car's motion, and the car's engine force propels it forward. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as the normal force from the road is not acting on the car while it accelerates downhill.

5. The Morgan family lives at 5487 South Elm Street. On which day of the week will they be able to water their lawn?

• A. Tuesday
• B. Wednesday
• C. Thursday
• D. Saturday

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Based on the provided water schedule for addresses in the town of Audley, odd-numbered addresses ending in 7 and 3, like 5487 South Elm Street, are allowed to water their lawns on Thursdays. Therefore, the Morgan family will be able to water their lawn on Thursday. Choice A (Tuesday), Choice B (Wednesday), and Choice D (Saturday) are incorrect as they do not align with the watering schedule for odd-numbered addresses as per the town's guidelines.

Similar Questions