Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is true regarding T cells?

• A. They are only seen in individuals with leukemia.
• B. They are a specialized type of white blood cell.
• C. They mature in the thymus.
• D. They play a role in the immune response.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: T cells are a specialized type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response. They are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. T cells help coordinate and regulate the immune response to pathogens and foreign substances by interacting with other immune cells. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. T cells are not exclusively seen in individuals with leukemia; they are a normal component of the immune system found in healthy individuals. While it is true that T cells are a specialized type of white blood cell, the key characteristic being tested in this question is their role in the immune response. Lastly, T cells do mature in the thymus, but this alone does not encompass the full scope of their function in the immune system.

2. Which type of blood vessel carries blood back to the heart?

• A. Artery
• B. Vein
• C. Capillary
• D. Lymphatic vessel

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vein. Veins carry blood back to the heart from various parts of the body, functioning as the vessels that return blood to the heart. Arteries, on the other hand, carry blood away from the heart to different parts of the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the blood and tissues. Lymphatic vessels are part of the lymphatic system, responsible for maintaining fluid balance and aiding in immunity. Therefore, the correct choice is B as it directly relates to the blood flow back to the heart.

3. Based on Gemma's preferences and limited time, which of the following travel guides will be best for her?

• A. Exploring the Hawaiian Islands: The Best Waterfalls on the Big Island and Maui
• B. Na Pali: The Two-Day Hike That Changes Everything
• C. Pineapples, Taro, and Roasted Pigs: A Dining Guide to Hawaii
• D. The Top Ten: Beaches, Restaurants, and Sightseeing in Honolulu and on Oahu

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Given Gemma's goal of seeing as much as possible in a short time while enjoying outdoor activities and nature, the best travel guide for her would be 'Exploring the Hawaiian Islands: The Best Waterfalls on the Big Island and Maui.' This guide aligns with her interest in outdoor activities and waterfalls, making it the ideal choice to enhance her trip experience. Choice B, 'Na Pali: The Two-Day Hike That Changes Everything,' focuses on a specific hike and may not cover a broad range of attractions Gemma wants to explore. Choice C, 'Pineapples, Taro, and Roasted Pigs: A Dining Guide to Hawaii,' is more food-oriented and doesn't cater to Gemma's interest in outdoor activities. Choice D, 'The Top Ten: Beaches, Restaurants, and Sightseeing in Honolulu and on Oahu,' while offering a variety of attractions, doesn't specifically target Gemma's interest in exploring waterfalls and the natural beauty of Hawaii as she desires.

4. Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

• A. To produce red blood cells
• B. To provide structural support
• C. To transport nutrients
• D. To store fat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To provide structural support. The skeletal system is primarily responsible for supporting the body's structure, protecting internal organs, facilitating movement, and storing minerals. While bones do play a role in producing red blood cells (hematopoiesis) in the bone marrow, the main function related to the question is providing structural support. Choices C and D are incorrect as the skeletal system is not involved in transporting nutrients or storing fat. The main functions of the skeletal system are related to support, protection, movement facilitation, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis.

5. What is the difference between exhalation (expiration) and inhalation (inspiration)?

• A. Exhalation involves active muscle contraction, while inhalation is passive.
• B. Inhalation brings in oxygen-rich air, while exhalation releases carbon dioxide-rich air.
• C. Exhalation occurs through the nose only, while inhalation can occur through the nose or mouth.
• D. Inhalation warms and humidifies air, while exhalation cools and dries air.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Exhalation (expiration) involves active muscle contraction, specifically the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, to decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity and push air out of the lungs. In contrast, inhalation (inspiration) is a passive process where the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract to increase the thoracic cavity volume, allowing air to flow into the lungs. Choice B is incorrect as exhalation removes carbon dioxide-rich air and inhalation brings in oxygen-rich air. Choice C is incorrect because both exhalation and inhalation can occur through the nose or mouth. Choice D is inaccurate as inhalation humidifies and warms the air, while exhalation cools and dries it.

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