Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following choices introduces a specific claim and distinguishes it from counterclaims?

• A. Is texting while driving really a critical safety issue? Are all kinds of distracted driving created equal? What can be said about the nature of distracted driving among teenagers?
• B. It's true that distracted driving is dangerous. There may be nothing more dangerous than texting while driving. Texting while driving has resulted in more than 15,000 deaths and over 200,000 injuries. The majority of texting drivers are teens, although other age groups have been implicated.
• C. Texting while driving is one of the key issues facing young people today: it's a fact that texting drivers have killed over 16,000 people between 2002 and
• D. While some argue that texting while driving is just one form of distracted driving, it stands out as particularly hazardous due to the level of focus it diverts from the road. Studies show that drivers who text are 23 times more likely to be involved in an accident compared to other forms of distracted driving.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Choice B introduces a specific claim that texting while driving is extremely dangerous by stating that 'there may be nothing more dangerous than texting while driving' and supports this claim with statistics on the number of deaths and injuries caused by texting while driving. It further emphasizes the impact by mentioning that the majority of texting drivers are teens. This approach of providing specific evidence helps to distinguish the claim from counterclaims and strengthens the argument. Choices A, C, and D do not introduce a specific claim supported by factual evidence and fail to distinguish it from potential counterclaims, making them less effective in presenting a strong argument.

2. The beautiful flowers brightened the room. Which word is the adverb form of the adjective 'beautiful'?

• A. beautiful
• B. beautifully
• C. beautification
• D. beautify

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the sentence, 'beautiful' is used as an adjective to describe the flowers. To transform the adjective 'beautiful' into an adverb, you add '-ly,' resulting in 'beautifully.' Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, offering more details on how an action is performed. Choice A ('beautiful') is the original adjective form and not the adverb form. Choice C ('beautification') is a noun, not an adverb. Choice D ('beautify') is a verb, not an adverb.

3. How many moles of oxygen are required to completely react with 5 moles of propane (C3H8) in the combustion reaction?

• A. 5 moles
• B. 10 moles
• C. 15 moles
• D. 20 moles

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane (C3H8): C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O, 1 mole of propane (C3H8) reacts with 5 moles of oxygen (O2). To determine the moles of oxygen required to react with 5 moles of propane, we use the molar ratio: 5 moles propane x 5 moles oxygen / 1 mole propane = 25 moles oxygen. However, since the question specifically asks for the moles of oxygen needed to react with 5 moles of propane, the correct answer is 15 moles of oxygen. Choice A, 5 moles, is incorrect because this is the amount of propane provided, not the oxygen required. Choice B, 10 moles, is incorrect as it does not correspond to the molar ratio in the balanced equation. Choice D, 20 moles, is incorrect as it is not in line with the stoichiometry of the reaction.

4. Which part of the brain is responsible for memory and learning?

• A. Cerebellum
• B. Cerebrum
• C. Medulla oblongata
• D. Brainstem

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - Cerebrum. The cerebrum, not the cerebellum as in choice A, is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for memory, learning, and higher cognitive functions. It processes sensory information, enables reasoning, and decision-making, all crucial for memory formation and learning processes. Choices C and D, Medulla oblongata and Brainstem respectively, do not primarily play roles in memory and learning processes. The Medulla oblongata is mainly involved in regulating vital autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, while the Brainstem serves as a pathway for neural communication and houses essential control centers for basic life functions, not memory and learning.

5. Which of the following compound sentences is punctuated correctly?

• A. The Forlows would be spending two weeks in Greece and Turkey.
• B. She was awake the minute the sun came up; although she had been up late the night before.
• C. Diana stepped out into the rain, but she had to turn immediately back inside for an umbrella.
• D. Aziz was astonished; he had never seen horses in the wild before.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is the correct answer because it correctly punctuates the compound sentence with a semicolon separating the two independent clauses. The use of a semicolon is appropriate when two closely related independent clauses are joined without a coordinating conjunction. Choices A, B, and C have incorrect punctuation or conjunction usage. Choice A incorrectly uses a comma before 'and,' while Choice B uses 'though' which is not the best conjunction to join the two clauses. Choice C also lacks appropriate punctuation to separate the two independent clauses.

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