Nursing Elites

1. Which measure for the center of a small sample set would be most affected by outliers?

• A. Mean
• B. Median
• C. Mode
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The mean is calculated by summing all values in a dataset and then dividing by the total number of values. Outliers, which are data points significantly different from the other values, can greatly impact the mean because they affect the sum. The mean is sensitive to extreme values, making it the measure for the center of a small sample set most affected by outliers. The median, on the other hand, is not influenced by outliers as it represents the middle value when the data points are ordered. The mode is the value that appears most frequently in the dataset and is not directly influenced by outliers. Therefore, the correct answer is the mean, as it is highly influenced by outliers in a small sample set.

2. According to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) ranking system, which functional group has the highest priority?

• A. Alcohol (OH)
• B. Aldehyde (CHO)
• C. Carboxylic Acid (COOH)
• D. Amine (NH2)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) ranking system, functional groups are prioritized based on the atomic number of the atoms directly attached to the functional group. Carboxylic acid (COOH) holds the highest priority as the carbon atom is directly bonded to two oxygen atoms, which have higher atomic numbers compared to carbon, hydrogen, or nitrogen. The higher the atomic number of the attached atoms, the higher the priority of the functional group in the CIP ranking system. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they have lower atomic numbers in the atoms directly attached to them, making them lower in priority according to the CIP system.

3. Which of the following sentences correctly uses commas to set off a non-essential element?

• A. The teacher, who lives next door, will visit our class next week.
• B. The teacher who lives next door will visit our class next week.
• C. The teacher, who, by the way, lives next door, will visit our class next week.
• D. The teacher will visit our class next week, who lives next door.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. In this sentence, the phrase 'who lives next door' is a non-essential element providing additional information about the teacher. It is correctly set off by commas. Choice B does not use any commas to set off the non-essential element, making the information essential to the sentence. Choice C uses an unnecessary comma before 'who,' which disrupts the flow of the sentence. Choice D incorrectly places the non-essential element at the end of the sentence without appropriate commas, making it less clear and concise.

4. She was really looking forward to the picnic, _________ she feared it might rain that afternoon. Which of the following transition words or phrases is more appropriate to complete the sentence above?

• A. after all
• B. likewise
• C. in other words
• D. although

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D' - 'although.' This transition word is suitable in the context as it indicates a contrast between the excitement of looking forward to the picnic and the worry about rain. 'After all' (choice A) implies a conclusion or reasoning, which doesn't fit the contrast in the sentence. 'Likewise' (choice B) suggests similarity or agreement, which is opposite to the intended contrast. 'In other words' (choice C) signals clarification or providing more details, which is not needed here. Therefore, 'although' is the best choice to convey the contrast between anticipation and concern.

5. A car brakes to a stop on a level road. Which of the following forces does NOT do work on the car?

• A. The braking force applied by the wheels
• B. The normal force from the road
• C. The gravitational force on the car
• D. The friction force between the tires and the road

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The normal force from the road does not do work on the car because it is perpendicular to the direction of motion. Work is defined as force applied in the direction of motion, so the normal force, which acts perpendicular to the motion of the car, does not contribute to the work done on the car. The braking force applied by the wheels, the gravitational force on the car, and the friction force between the tires and the road all act in the direction of motion and contribute to the work done on the car. In this scenario, the normal force is supporting the weight of the car and keeping it from sinking into the road, but it does not transfer energy to the car as it moves.

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