Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, acts in opposition to insulin by increasing blood sugar levels?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Cortisol
• D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Glucagon is the correct answer. Produced by the pancreas, glucagon acts in opposition to insulin by increasing blood sugar levels. Glucagon promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver, leading to the release of glucose into the bloodstream. Insulin, on the other hand, lowers blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, not the pancreas, and is involved in stress response and metabolism. Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland and is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism.

2. Which sentence uses the present perfect continuous tense correctly?

• A. I have been working on this project since morning.
• B. She has finished the book already.
• C. They will be leaving for vacation tomorrow.
• D. He had been living in the city for ten years.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option A, 'I have been working on this project since morning,' uses the present perfect continuous tense correctly. This structure implies an action that started in the past (working on the project) and is still ongoing up to the present moment. Choice B is incorrect as it uses the present perfect tense ('has finished'), which indicates a completed action with relevance to the present. Choice C uses the future continuous tense ('will be leaving'), and Choice D uses the past perfect continuous tense ('had been living'). Therefore, only Choice A fits the criteria for the present perfect continuous tense.

3. What is the atomic number of an atom?

• A. The number of protons in an atom
• B. The number of neutrons in an atom
• C. The number of electrons in an atom
• D. The sum of protons and neutrons

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons in its nucleus. This number uniquely identifies the element, as each element has a distinct number of protons. Neutrons and electrons play roles in the atom's structure and stability, but the atomic number specifically refers to the number of protons. Choice B (The number of neutrons in an atom) is incorrect because the atomic number does not include neutrons; it only represents the number of protons. Choice C (The number of electrons in an atom) is incorrect because the atomic number is not related to the number of electrons, which can vary in different atomic configurations. Choice D (The sum of protons and neutrons) is incorrect because it refers to the mass number of an atom, which is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, not just the protons.

4. What is 0.1 mg to mcg?

• A. 100 mcg
• B. 10 mcg
• C. 1000 mcg
• D. 1 mcg

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To convert milligrams to micrograms, you need to multiply by 1000. Therefore, 0.1 mg is equal to 100 mcg. This conversion is commonly used in medical calculations. Choice B (10 mcg) is incorrect because it would be the conversion from milligrams to micrograms if multiplied by 100, not 10. Choice C (1000 mcg) is incorrect as it would be the conversion from grams to micrograms if multiplied by 1000. Choice D (1 mcg) is incorrect as it represents the original unit without conversion.

5. How do you spell the past participle of the verb 'lie' (to recline)?

• A. lied
• B. lain
• C. lay
• D. lying

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct spelling of the past participle of the verb 'lie' (to recline) is 'lain.' 'Lied' is the past tense form of the verb, not the past participle. 'Lay' is the simple past form. 'Lying' is the present participle form. Therefore, the correct answer is 'lain,' representing the past participle form of the verb 'lie.'

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