Nursing Elites

1. What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

• A. Transcribes DNA into mRNA
• B. Decodes the genetic code on mRNA
• C. Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes
• D. Modifies the structure of proteins

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Transcribes DNA into mRNA: This is the function of RNA polymerase, not transfer RNA (tRNA). tRNA is involved in protein synthesis, not transcription. B) Decodes the genetic code on mRNA: This is the function of tRNA during translation. tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids and recognize the codons on mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. C) Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes: This is the primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule is specific for a particular amino acid and carries it to the ribosome, where it is added to the growing protein chain. D) Modifies the structure of proteins: This is not a function of tRNA. Protein modification can occur after translation is complete and involves other cellular processes and molecules.

2. What does the word 'wise' in this passage most closely mean?

• A. Manner
• B. Knowledge
• C. Shrewd
• D. Ignorance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the context of the passage, the word 'wise' refers to the 'manner' in which the sun-fish builds its hatchery. It describes the careful and skillful way in which the mother sun-fish constructs and provides for her offspring. Choice B, 'Knowledge,' is incorrect as the word 'wise' does not specifically imply knowledge in this passage. Choice C, 'Shrewd,' is incorrect as it suggests cleverness or astuteness, which is not the intended meaning here. Choice D, 'Ignorance,' is the opposite of 'wise' and does not align with the context of the passage.

3. What is the base unit for volume of a solid in the metric system?

• A. cubic meters
• B. meters cubed
• C. grams
• D. centimeters

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'cubic meters' (A) which is the base unit for volume of a solid in the metric system. Volume is measured in cubic units (length × width × height) for solids. Choice B, 'meters cubed,' is not the standard way to express volume in the metric system. Choices C and D, 'grams' and 'centimeters,' are units of mass and length respectively, not volume.

4. During week 1, Cameron worked 5 shifts. During week 2, she worked twice as many shifts. During week 3, she added 4 more shifts. How many shifts did Cameron work in week 3?

• A. 15 shifts
• B. 14 shifts
• C. 16 shifts
• D. 17 shifts

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To find out how many shifts Cameron worked in week 3, we first determine the shifts worked in weeks 1 and 2. In week 1, Cameron worked 5 shifts. In week 2, she worked twice as many shifts, which is 5 x 2 = 10 shifts. Adding the 4 more shifts in week 3, the total shifts worked in week 3 would be 5 (week 1) + 10 (week 2) + 4 (week 3) = 19 shifts. Therefore, the correct answer is 14 shifts (Option B), not 15 shifts (Option A), 16 shifts (Option C), or 17 shifts (Option D).

5. Which hormone is produced by the pancreas to lower blood sugar levels?

• A. Glucagon
• B. Insulin
• C. Adrenaline
• D. Melatonin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insulin. Insulin is produced by the pancreas and plays a crucial role in lowering blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production or storage. Glucagon, which is also produced by the pancreas, functions to increase blood sugar levels by stimulating the release of stored glucose. Adrenaline, produced by the adrenal glands, is involved in the fight-or-flight response and does not directly regulate blood sugar levels. Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland, primarily regulates the sleep-wake cycle and is not involved in blood sugar level control.

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