Nursing Elites

1. What information can be obtained from the mass number of an element?

• A. The number of protons in the nucleus
• B. The total number of protons and neutrons
• C. The number of electrons in the valence shell
• D. The element's chemical reactivity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The mass number of an element represents the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. This information is crucial for determining the atomic mass of the element and understanding its stability and isotopes. The number of protons in the nucleus (option A) is represented by the atomic number, not the mass number. The number of electrons in the valence shell (option C) is related to the element's position in the periodic table and its chemical properties, but it is not directly determined by the mass number. The element's chemical reactivity (option D) is influenced by the number and arrangement of electrons in the atom's energy levels, not by the mass number.

2. Which of the following neurotransmitters slows down the activity of neurons to prevent overexcitation?

• A. Acetylcholine
• B. Dopamine
• C. GABA
• D. Serotonin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that slows down neuronal activity, helping to prevent overexcitation in the brain. It counterbalances the effects of excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate, playing a crucial role in maintaining the balance of neuronal activity in the brain. Acetylcholine (Choice A) is primarily an excitatory neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement and cognitive functions. Dopamine (Choice B) plays a role in reward-motivated behavior and motor control. Serotonin (Choice D) is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep but is not primarily responsible for slowing down neuronal activity to prevent overexcitation.

3. During week 1, Cameron worked 5 shifts. During week 2, she worked twice as many shifts. During week 3, she added 4 more shifts. How many shifts did Cameron work in week 3?

• A. 15 shifts
• B. 14 shifts
• C. 16 shifts
• D. 17 shifts

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To find out how many shifts Cameron worked in week 3, we first determine the shifts worked in weeks 1 and 2. In week 1, Cameron worked 5 shifts. In week 2, she worked twice as many shifts, which is 5 x 2 = 10 shifts. Adding the 4 more shifts in week 3, the total shifts worked in week 3 would be 5 (week 1) + 10 (week 2) + 4 (week 3) = 19 shifts. Therefore, the correct answer is 14 shifts (Option B), not 15 shifts (Option A), 16 shifts (Option C), or 17 shifts (Option D).

4. Identify the independent clause in the following sentence: You need to call your mother as soon as you get home.

• A. You need to call your mother.
• B. As soon as you get home.
• C. You get home.
• D. You need to call.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "You need to call your mother." An independent clause is a sentence that can stand alone and express a complete thought. In this sentence, the clause "You need to call your mother" functions independently and makes complete sense by itself. Choice B, "As soon as you get home," is a dependent clause as it cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. Choice C, "You get home," is also a dependent clause lacking a complete thought. Choice D, "You need to call," is not a complete sentence without specifying who needs to call.

5. What unit is used to measure density in the metric system?

• A. grams per cubic meter (g/m³)
• B. grams per liter (g/L)
• C. grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³)
• D. grams per square meter (g/m²)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Density is measured in grams per cubic meter (g/m³) in the metric system. This unit represents the amount of mass (in grams) per unit volume (cubic meter). Choice B, grams per liter (g/L), is incorrect as density is not typically measured in liters. Choice C, grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³), is a common unit for density but not the standard SI unit. Choice D, grams per square meter (g/m²), is a unit for surface density, not volumetric density. Therefore, the correct unit for measuring density in the metric system is grams per cubic meter (g/m³).

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