Nursing Elites

1. How does polarization affect the intensity of light passing through a polarizing filter?

• A. All light passes through regardless of polarization.
• B. Light with the same polarization as the filter passes through, while others are blocked.
• C. Light with higher intensity passes through, while weaker light is blocked.
• D. The intensity is reduced for all light, regardless of polarization.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A polarizing filter only allows light waves with a specific orientation (polarization) to pass through while blocking light waves with different orientations. Therefore, light with the same polarization as the filter will pass through, while light with different polarizations will be blocked. This results in a reduction in intensity for light passing through the polarizing filter. Choice A is incorrect because a polarizing filter selectively filters light based on its polarization. Choice C is incorrect as the intensity of light passing through is determined by its polarization, not solely its intensity. Choice D is incorrect because a polarizing filter affects light based on its polarization, not uniformly reducing the intensity for all light passing through.

2. What type of bond holds water molecules together?

• A. Covalent bond
• B. Hydrogen bond
• C. Ionic bond
• D. Peptide bond

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for holding water molecules together. In a water molecule, the oxygen atom is slightly negative, and the hydrogen atoms are slightly positive, creating a partial positive and negative charge. This polarity allows hydrogen bonds to form between adjacent water molecules. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons between ions, and peptide bonds are specific to linking amino acids in proteins, which are not relevant to water molecule interactions.

3. Which of the following sentences demonstrates the correct use of an apostrophe?

• A. Lyle works for the courthouse, and among his responsibilities is getting the jurors meal’s.
• B. Lyle works for the courthouse, and among his responsibilities is getting the juror’s meals.
• C. Lyle works for the courthouse, and among his responsibilities is getting the jurors’ meals.
• D. Lyle works for the courthouse, and among his responsibilities is getting the jurors meals’.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The apostrophe is correctly placed in this sentence to show possession by multiple jurors.

4. Which of the following processes breaks down cellular components for recycling or waste removal?

• A. Photosynthesis
• B. Cellular respiration
• C. Cell division
• D. Phagocytosis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf and break down cellular components or foreign particles for recycling or waste removal. It is a vital mechanism used by cells to maintain homeostasis and remove waste materials. Photosynthesis (A) is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy to produce food, not for breaking down cellular components. Cellular respiration (B) is the process by which cells generate energy from nutrients, not for waste removal. Cell division (C) is the process by which cells replicate and divide to form new cells during growth, repair, or development, not for breaking down cellular components.

5. Which of the following compound sentences is punctuated correctly?

• A. The Forlows would be spending two weeks in Greece and Turkey.
• B. She was awake the minute the sun came up; although she had been up late the night before.
• C. Diana stepped out into the rain, but she had to turn immediately back inside for an umbrella.
• D. Aziz was astonished; he had never seen horses in the wild before.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is the correct answer because it correctly punctuates the compound sentence with a semicolon separating the two independent clauses. The use of a semicolon is appropriate when two closely related independent clauses are joined without a coordinating conjunction. Choices A, B, and C have incorrect punctuation or conjunction usage. Choice A incorrectly uses a comma before 'and,' while Choice B uses 'though' which is not the best conjunction to join the two clauses. Choice C also lacks appropriate punctuation to separate the two independent clauses.

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