Nursing Elites

1. An investigator wishes to test the effect of temperature on the durability of a certain material. He places five blocks of this material in a sunny area in a meadow and five more in a cold area high in the mountains. He then monitors them over time. What is the main problem with this experiment?

• A. Ten subjects are far too small a number to obtain effective results.
• B. It is impossible to control for the fact that the blocks in the mountains were placed later.
• C. There are too many variables that are not being controlled for.
• D. Nothing is wrong with this experiment; this demonstrates good experimental procedure.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The main problem with this experiment is that there are too many variables that are not being controlled for. The investigator is only changing one variable (temperature) while there are other variables at play such as humidity, exposure to light, and potential differences in the material itself. Without controlling or accounting for these additional variables, it would be difficult to determine if any observed differences in durability are solely due to temperature. Choice A is incorrect because the issue is not solely about the number of subjects but about the lack of control over variables. Choice B is not the main problem as the order of placement may not significantly impact the results. Choice D is incorrect as the experiment lacks proper control over variables, which is a crucial aspect of good experimental procedure.

2. Identify the type of error in the sentence, 'They went to the store, bought groceries, then went home.'

• A. Run-on sentence
• B. Comma splice
• C. Dangling modifier
• D. Subject-verb agreement

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The given sentence combines multiple independent clauses without appropriate punctuation or conjunctions, creating a run-on sentence. A run-on sentence occurs when two or more independent clauses are joined without the necessary punctuation or coordination. In this case, the sentence lacks the proper conjunction or punctuation between 'store' and 'bought,' resulting in a run-on sentence. Choice B, 'Comma splice,' is incorrect because a comma splice involves joining two independent clauses with just a comma, which is not the case in the given sentence. Choice C, 'Dangling modifier,' is incorrect as there are no misplaced modifiers in the sentence. Choice D, 'Subject-verb agreement,' is also incorrect as the error in the sentence does not involve subject-verb agreement but rather the incorrect combination of independent clauses.

3. Three friends are sharing a burger. One friend eats a quarter of the burger. The other two friends equally divide the rest among themselves. What portion of the burger did each of the other two friends receive?

• A. 6-Jan
• B. 4-Jan
• C. 4-Mar
• D. 8-Mar

Correct answer: D

Rationale: After one friend eats a quarter of the burger, 3/4 of the burger remains. Dividing this equally between the other two friends means each receives 3/8 of the whole burger. Therefore, the correct answer is 8-Mar. Choice A (6-Jan), Choice B (4-Jan), and Choice C (4-Mar) are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the portion each of the other two friends receives after one friend consumes a quarter of the burger.

4. The body's first line of defense against pathogens is the innate immune system. Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune system?

• A. Physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes
• B. Phagocytes that engulf and destroy pathogens
• C. Inflammatory response to isolate and contain infection
• D. Production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen is a function of the adaptive immune system, not the innate immune system. The innate immune system provides immediate, non-specific defense mechanisms against pathogens, including physical barriers, phagocytes, and inflammatory responses. Choices A, B, and C are all correct components of the innate immune system. Physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes act as the first line of defense, preventing pathogens from entering the body. Phagocytes are specialized cells that engulf and destroy pathogens, while the inflammatory response helps isolate and contain infections to prevent their spread.

5. Using the chart below, which equation describes the relationship between x and y?

• A. x = 3y
• B. y = 3x
• C. y = 1/3x
• D. x/y = 3

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct equation that describes the relationship between x and y based on the chart is y = 3x. This is because each y-value in the chart is 3 times the x-value. Choice A (x = 3y) is incorrect as it implies x is 3 times y, which is the opposite of the relationship shown in the chart. Choice C (y = 1/3x) is incorrect since the relationship in the chart indicates y is 3 times x, not a third of x. Choice D (x/y = 3) is incorrect as it represents a ratio between x and y equal to 3, which is not in line with the relationship depicted in the chart.

Similar Questions