Which component of an atom has a relatively little mass that is considered negligible when calculating the atomic mass number?

A: Neutron
B: Proton
C: Electron
D: Quark
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The component of an atom that contributes relatively little mass, which is considered negligible when calculating the atomic mass number, is the electron. Electrons are much lighter compared to protons and neutrons, hence their mass is typically not factored into atomic mass calculations.

Which of the following respiratory structures is affected by a disease that disrupts gas exchange, such as emphysema?

A: Trachea
B: Alveoli
C: Secondary bronchi
D: Primary bronchi
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Emphysema is a condition that primarily affects the alveoli in the lungs. Alveoli are tiny air sacs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs. In emphysema, the walls of these air sacs break down, reducing the surface area available for gas exchange. This leads to impaired respiratory function, making it harder for oxygen to enter the bloodstream and for carbon dioxide to be removed. Therefore, the correct answer is the alveoli (Choice B).

The vermiform appendix extends from which region of the intestine known as which of the following?

A: Ischium
B: Cecum
C: Rectum
D: Jejunum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Cecum. The vermiform appendix is a small, tube-like structure that extends from the cecum, which is the beginning of the large intestine. The cecum is located in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. It is important to understand the anatomical relationships between different parts of the intestine to identify the origin of the appendix.

When a volcano erupts, its actions are similar to which of the following events?

A: A tree root pushing up through the pavement
B: A can of soda fizzing when it's opened
C: A building burning to the ground
D: A flood eroding the banks of a stream
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a volcano erupts, it releases built-up pressure, gases, and magma explosively, similar to the fizzing action of a can of soda when opened. Just like how gas in a soda can cause pressure and fizz when released, the pressure within a volcano causes an explosive release of material during an eruption. This makes choice B the most analogous event to a volcanic eruption among the options provided. The other options do not capture the sudden, forceful, and explosive nature of a volcanic eruption.

Which one of the following structures drains oxygen-depleted blood from the kidneys?

A: Ureter
B: Renal artery
C: Urethra
D: Renal vein
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Renal vein. The renal vein is responsible for draining oxygen-depleted blood from the kidneys back to the heart for reoxygenation. The ureter carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder, the renal artery supplies oxygenated blood to the kidneys, and the urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. Therefore, in the context of blood drainage from the kidneys, the renal vein is the correct choice.

Actual ATI TEAS 7 Test Questions Set 2