Where is genetic information that describes the characteristics of an organism found?
A: Ribosomes
B: Membranes
C: Cilia
D: Nuclei
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Genetic information that describes the characteristics of an organism is found in the nuclei. The nucleus contains the organism's DNA, which carries the genetic information responsible for determining the organism's traits and characteristics. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, membranes form boundaries of cells, and cilia are hair-like structures used for movement or sensory functions, but they do not house genetic information.
Question 2:
What is the reason why chloride ions have a negative charge?
A: It lost a proton.
B: It gained a proton.
C: It gained an electron.
D: It lost an electron.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chloride ions (Cl-) have a negative charge because they gained an electron. When an atom gains an electron, it increases the number of negative charges relative to positive charges, resulting in a net negative charge, as seen in chloride ions.
Question 3:
An organism with an unknown genotype is crossed with another organism that shows the recessive trait (aa). The Punnett square above shows the results. What is the unknown genotype?
A: a
B: Aa
C: AA
D: aa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the given Punnett square, where the recessive trait (aa) is observed, the unknown genotype can be deduced. Since the recessive trait is expressed, the known organism must be homozygous recessive (aa). The unknown genotype, when crossed with aa, would result in a 50% chance of producing heterozygous offspring (Aa). Therefore, the correct answer is B, Aa.
The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which of the substance exists as which of the following?
Question 4:
What is the triple point of a substance?
A: Simultaneously in solid, liquid, and gas phases.
B: As soil with gas and solid trapped in liquid.
C: As a gel with solid and liquid trapped in gas.
D: Simultaneously in solid, gel, and plasma phases.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The triple point of a substance refers to the specific temperature and pressure at which the substance can exist in equilibrium as solid, liquid, and gas phases simultaneously. This unique point represents the conditions under which all three phases coexist in equilibrium, allowing for phase transitions without a change in temperature or pressure.
Question 5:
What function does the myelin sheath perform for a nerve cell?
A: Sensory perception
B: Insulation
C: Nutrition
D: Regeneration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The myelin sheath acts as an insulator for nerve cells, allowing for faster transmission of electrical impulses along the nerve fiber. This insulation helps to maintain the efficiency and speed of nerve signal conduction. Sensory perception involves the detection of sensory stimuli, nutrition is related to the supply of nutrients, and regeneration refers to the process of regrowth or repair.
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